The Spring Framework is an open source Java application framework originally developed based on the principles of dependency injection (DI) and inversion of control (IoC).

Inversion of Control is a pattern where the controls of dependencies are moved out usually from program components to container. The usual control flow of a program is inverted, and hence it is called so. 

For instance, instead of using a new keyword to create an object and setting dependencies, a dependency injection framework (e.g. spring container) will create the object and its dependencies for you at runtime and inject them into your code. 

Enterprise Java Bean (EJB)

Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) was the Java EE way for creatng enterprise applications without worrying about middleware requirements such as transaction management, persistence, security, distribution, remoting etc. 

The older EJB programming model however had many problems and POJO programming model emerged as an alternative means to solve those problems. 

1. What are prompt counter?

An input item and the <initial> item of a mixed-initiative form have a prompt counter that lets you play different prompts if the user revisits the item several times. For example, you may want to play shorter descriptions after the first or second time the user is prompted for the same information. The prompt counters are reset on each form invocation.

1. What is an application root document? How do you specify the application root documrnt for a vxml application?

A VoiceXML application consists of one or more documents. Any multi document application has a single application root document. Each document in an application identifies the application root document with the application attribute of the <vxml> tag: