In Many-To-Many mapping, we refer to a collection/list of the entity from another entity and vice versa; and used @ManyToOne annotation on declarations of both entity collections.

We will assume that each course can have many students (many to many), and each student can do many course(many to many).

We will create two entity classes, Course and Student and do a many to many mapping from course to student, and again many to many mapping from student to course.

The Spring MVC framework provides model-view-controller architecture and also provides many components that can be used to develop web applications. 

Model-view-controller (MVC)

• Model-view-controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern for implementing web applications with user interfaces.

• MVC decouples business logic from UIs.

In One-To-Many mapping, we refer to a collection/list of the entity from another entity and mark the reference variable as @OneToMany. The opposite of this relation from the second entity to the first will be Many-To-One and is annotated as @ManyToOne. 

We will assume that each course can have many students(one to many), but each student can do only one course(many to one).

We will create two entity classes, Course and Student and do a one to one mapping from course to student, and many to one from student to course.

In One-To-One mapping, we refer to one entity from another and mark the reference variable as @OneToOne.

In this example, we will consider two entity classes – student class and course class; and do a one to one mapping from course to student.

We will assume that there is a one-to-one mapping between a Course and Student – each course can be taken by only one student.  

We will see a simple example to illustrate the LAZY and EAGER Fetch in Hibernate.